Number Theory

" Mathematics is the queen of the sciences, and number theory is the queen of mathematics", wrote  by the mathematician and physicist Gauss.

Number theory is a branch of pure mathematics devoted to the study of the properties of the natural numbers (the positive whole numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,...)  and the integers. It is called "higher arithmetic". It is among the oldest and most natural mathematical pursuits. The number theory helps discover interesting relationships between different sorts of numbers.